Results Generation of rod-specific IGF-1R KO mice Some null mutants for the IGF-1R gene die of respiratory failure at birth, and those that do survive exhibit a severe growth deficiency (45% normal size) [24, 25]
Gastroenterology (2012) 142:4654.e42
Paulson & O
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1737219 Received 01 November 2025 Revised 01 March 2026 Accepted 03 March 2026 Published 27 March 2026 Volume 13 - 2026 Edited by Valeria Grancini, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy Reviewed by Shiao Zhao, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China Prashanth A., Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India Updates Copyright 2026 Xu and Zhang
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Most cases of the autoimmune version are diagnosed by age 2 (Medscape, 2019)