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Vitamin B12 injections are also not a proven weight-loss treatment

Skin flares, joint pain, fatigue, recurrent mouth ulcers, histamine-type reactions, and autoimmune concerns may also require a broader workup

GLP-1 medications and insulin are peptides

When you stop taking 5-amino-1MQ, NNMT activity gradually returns to baseline levels over several weeks

A 2025 review in Endocrinology found that endogenous sex hormones estrogen in particular modulate GLP-1 receptor expression in the hypothalamus, and that women experience both greater weight loss and higher rates of side effects than men on GLP-1 agonists

Reference: Gwyer D, Wragg NM, Wilson SL (2019)