412 Notably, GLP-1RAs, including exendin-4, have been shown to attenuate microglial activation, resulting in a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-1
For instance, a clinical trial of 11,000 people found that using GLP-1 RAs reduced kidney disease progression by 18%, kidney failure by 16% and risk of cardiac events by 13%
For practitioners treating GLP-1 agonist non-responders, understanding these biological adaptations proves essential, as they explain why willpower alone rarely suffices for sustainable results
Nauck MA
Real microneedle patches are an advanced, legitimate medical technology still in clinical trials designed to painlessly deliver actual medication
Initial concerns regarding the possible link between the use of GLP-1 RAs and the development of pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer have not been supported by the results of RCTs [53,54], or real-world data [29,55,56]