They are produced by different types of cells and, once released in the body, induce specific reactions in adjacent cells (paracrine effect), in others far away (endocrine effect) or in those that have created them (autocrine effect)
The alanine at position 8, the residue immediately adjacent to the DPP-4 cleavage bond, is replaced by alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), a non-canonical, doubly methylated amino acid whose steric bulk blocks protease access [1]
It contrasts that with stopping the medication and returning to prior habits, which it links to regain
Diabetes Care, 2019
Reducing Astrocyte Calcium Signaling In Vivo Alters Striatal Microcircuits and Causes Repetitive Behavior
As initial appetite suppression fades, portion sizes may unconsciously increase, or food choices may drift from the structured eating patterns that supported early weight loss