The key factor in efficacy is compliance, because the oral version requires strict adherence to the empty stomach rule
Common Causes of Peptide Degradation Many different processes and factors can affect peptides: Peptide hydrolysis caused by moisture exposure Oxidation resulting from oxygen and exposure to light Changes in temperature Bacterial degradation in peptide solutions Contamination during laboratory handling Repeated freeze-thaw cycles (Sigma-Aldrich, 2023a
subcutaneous injection a small injection under the skin
Shank3 mutant mice display autistic-like behaviours and striatal dysfunction
A., Andrade, F., Aldmiz-Echevarra, L., & Sanjurjo, P
Theres some encouraging news on this front