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Nature Medicine , 18(6), 843-849
Liver three-dimensional cellular models for high-throughput chemical testing
Lipoate is an essential lipid modification that is required for catalysis by the -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes
When to seek medical advice: Severe, persistent abdominal pain, possibly radiating to the back (potential signs of pancreatitis requiring urgent assessment) Symptoms of hypoglycaemia, particularly if taking concurrent insulin or sulfonylureas Signs of severe allergic reaction (swelling of face/throat, severe rash, difficulty breathing) seek immediate emergency care Persistent or severe gastrointestinal symptoms affecting nutrition or hydration Patients should attend regular diabetes reviews as recommended by their healthcare team, typically every 3-6 months, to assess glycaemic control (HbA1c), review injection technique, and monitor for complications
PLoS One 7(12):e52672