When NRX is oxidized by NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1)-derived H2O2 or lipid peroxide (ROOH), DVL is released and inhibits glycogen synthesis kinase 3 (GSK3) in the -catenin degradation complex, thereby stabilizing the -catenin in the cytoplasm and partially entering the nucleus to activate the target gene GPX2 by correlation with the TCF/LEF transcription factor family (Kipp et al., 2012) (Figure 2)
Vitamin C helps "recharge" the glutathione so it can keep working
Injectable protocols require reconstitution calculator, sterile technique, and proper storage, which represents a higher compliance burden
The main concerns are local injection reactions, infection risk if sterility is breached, and misuse (e.g
A clinical trial reported up to 35% reduction in wrinkle scores and improved skin elasticity after 12 weeks of collagen supplementation
There may be an easier route