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Drugs 75(4):353-65

Methods We have genetically engineered mouse lines in which the preproglucagon gene ( Gcg ) is absent in the entire body ( Gcg RA Null ) or is expressed exclusively in the intestine ( Gcg RA VilCre ) or pancreas and duodenum ( Gcg RA PDX1Cre )

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Irrespective of ethical concerns regarding the justifiability of animal experiments in research activities, animal experimentation may not align with precision medicine approaches, which focus on the genetic diversity of human populations and inter-individual differences based on non-hereditary alterations during the life course (29, 30)

When Surgical Delay Is Not Negotiable If the B12 deficiency is severe (particularly if below 100 pmol/L or with neurological symptoms), I do not proceed, regardless of the patients preferences regarding timing